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\n \n MUSICAL DRAMA THEATRE, operated in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) in 1912-19. Also performed at the Grand Hall of the Conservatory. Its founder and art director was I. M. Lapitsky. The Musical Drama Theatre was the first opera theatre to have a director, following theatrical principles developed by K.S. Stanislavsky, working to reorganise the opera stage, and struggling against the tradition of aimless opera staging. Thanks to an improvement of the rehearsal process and a reworking of the singer-actors' methods, graduates of the Conservatory were chosen for the troupe. Many of them achieved fame and successfully performed in Russia and abroad, including L.A. Andreeva-Delmas, M.I Brian, P M. Zhuravlenko, S.Y. Levik, M.I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, and A.I. Mozzhukhin. Many celebrated singers, including L.Y. Lipkovskaya, L.V. Sobinov, also appeared on Musical Drama Theatre's stage. The theatre's musical director, conductor М. A. Bikhter, did a great deal for renewed theatrical relations between music and scenery. Other conductors included A.E. Margulyan, A.V. Pavlov-Abrenin, and G. Fitelberg; and designers included I.Y. Bilibin, M.V. Dobuzhinsky, and N.K. Roerich. Among production that provoked strong public response were Eugene Onegin by P.I. Tchaikovsky (1912), Carmen by G. Bizet, Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg) by R. Wagner, Boris Godunov by M.P. Musorgsky (1913), The Stone Guest by A.S. Dargomyzhsky, and Pelleas et Melisande by C. Debussy (1915). The Musical Drama Theatre's artistic achievement went down in the history of opera-theatre as a truly unique one; although it was not appreciated at the time, its stage direction techniques were assimilated into the art by the late 20th century.

References: Левик С. Ю. Записки оперного певца. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М., 1962; Его же. Четверть века в опере. М., 1970; Гозенпуд А. А. Русский оперный театр между двух революций, 1905-1917. Л., 1975.

E. V. Tretyakova.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich\n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Stanislavsky Konstantin Sergeevich\n
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