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\n \n KRAMSKOY Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887, St. Petersburg) was an artist and public figure. He studied at the Academy of Arts (1857-63) under A. T. Markov. He was a member of the Academy from 1869. He was an ideological leader of the Democratic movement in the Russian art. He spoke against archaic canons of the academic art. He initiated the Revolt of 14 as a result of which a group of graduates left the Academy of Arts (1863). He was a founder and ideologist of the Artel of Artists, one of the organizers of the Fellowship of Travelling Art Exhibitions. He created a gallery of portraits of his contemporaries marked by expressive simplicity of composition and depth of psychological descriptions (portraits of Leo Tolstoy, P. M. Tretyakov, 1876; M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, 1879; all are in the State Tretyakov Gallery; portraits of I. I. Shishkin, 1880; A. S. Suvorin, 1881; V. S. Solovyev, 1885; all are in the State Russian Museum). He also painted canvases touching upon moral and philosophical themes, anecdotal paintings and lyrical female portraits which stood close to the poetics of symbolism (Mermaids, 1871; Christ in the Desert, 1872; Inconsolable Grief, 1884; Moonlit Night, 1880; The Stranger, 1883, - all are in the State Tretyakov Gallery). He taught at the School of Drawing of the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts (1863-68). He lived at 10 Admiralteisky Avenue (1866-69; memorial plaque) and on 18/1 Birzhevaya Line of Vasilievsky Island (1869-87; memorial plaque). He was buried at Smolenskoe Orthodox Cemetery, in 1939, his remains were carried to the Necropolis of Artists.

References: Гольдштейн С. Н. Иван Николаевич Крамской: Жизнь и творчество, 1837-1887. М., 1965; Порудоминский В. И. Иван Крамской. М., 2001.

O. L. Leikind, D.Y. Severyukhin.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n Saltykov-Shchedrin (real name Saltykov) Mikhail Evgrafovich\n
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