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\n \n ALEXEEVSKY RAVELIN, an outer fortification of Peter and Paul fortress, situated in its western part, before Vasilievskaya curtain wall. The ravelin was named so in honour of Tsar Alexey Mikhaylovich. It was built in 1733-40 (engineer C.A. Munnich, C. de Marine). Since 1769 Alexeevsky ravelin has been housing a wooden prison for keeping prisoners of State. In 1797 a stone one-storeyed prison was constructed (architect P. Paton) meant for 20 solitary confinement cells, the Secret House. In 1775 in Alexeevsky ravelin impostor princess Tarakanova died custodial. Among its prisoners of the 1790s were writers A.N. Radishchev, F.V. Krechetov, Polish poet Y. Nemtsevich, P.V. Chichagov, M.I. Platov, and A.P. Ermolov. In 1825-26 25 Decembrists were imprisoned in Alexeevsky ravelin (including M.A. and N.A. Bestuzhevs, prince S.G. Volkonsky, V.K. and M.K. Kyukhelbekers, S.I. Muravyev-Apostol, prince E.P. Obolensky, prince A.I. Odoevsky, P.I. Pestel, I.I. Pushchin, prince S.P. Trubetskoy, I.D. Yakushin; Decembrist G.S. Batenkov spent nearly 19 years in Alexeevsky ravelin), as were 13 members of Petrashevsky's coterie in 1849 (M.V. Petrashevsky, F.M. Dostoevsky, S.F. Durov, P.A. Kuzmin and others). In 1851-54 M.A. Bakunin was put into Alexeevsky ravelin. M.S. Beideman spent 20 years here (1861-81). In the first half of the 1860s into Alexeevsky ravelin such public figures were incarcerated as N.G. Chernyshevsky (in 1862-64 while prisoner he wrote his novel What is to be done?), N.V. Shelgunov, V.A. Obruchev, N.A. Serno-Solovyevich, M. Nalbandian and others, in 1866 - D.V. Karakozov. In 1873-82 S.G. Nechaev was imprisoned in Alexeevsky ravelin; he died custodial. In March of 1882 the members of Narodnaya Volya sentenced for penal servitude were put into Alexeevsky ravelin. M.V. Teterka, M.R. Langans, N.V. Kletochnikov, A.I. Barannikov, A.D. Mikhaylov, N.N. Kolodkevich died having been not able to endure severe conditions. In August of 1884 the prison in Alexeevsky ravelin was abolished, and the last 15 prisoners were transported to the Shlisselburg fortress. In 1893 Secret House was knocked down, and by 1895 a 2-storeyed building of the Main Departments of the Ministry of war archives was erected on its site (military engineer F.Y. Kamenev). Until 1997 the building had been housing editorial board and the printing office of the newspaper of Leningrad Military District, Na strazhe Rodiny. Today the building is under the jurisdiction of the Museum of St. Petersburg history.

References: Щеголев П. Е. Алексеевский равелин: Кн. о падении и величии человека. М., 1989; Алексеевский равелин: Секрет. гос. тюрьма России в XIX в.: Сб.: В 2 кн. Л., 1990; Барабанова А. И., Вершевская М. В., Тихонова Н. С. Тайны \"русской Бастилии\". СПб., 2000.

A. D. Margolis.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Petrashevsky (Butashevich-Petrashevsky) Mikhail Vasilievich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich\n
\n \n \n \n Radishchev Alexander Nikolaevich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Shchegolev Pavel Eliseevich\n
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