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\n \n SAMPSONIEVSKY BOLSHOY AVENUE, named Samsonievskaya Street in 1739, then B. Samsonievsky Avenue in the early 19th century, receiving its present name in the late 19th century. In 1918-1991, it was known as Karl Marx Avenue in honour of the German economist and philosopher Karl Marx (1818-83). Located between Pirogovskaya Embankment and Novosiltsevsky Lane. Named after St. Sampson’s Cathedral, and laid out in the first quarter of the 18th century as a section of the road running to Vyborg. In the 19th century, the area was built up with wooden and stone houses. In the 1830s, the Moskovsky (Litovsky) Life Guards Regiment quarters were built at house No 63 (architect А. Е. Staubert), followed in 1866-73 by the Willie Clinic in house No 5/20 (military engineer K. Y. Sokolov, known today as the Military Medical Academy), in 1905 by a children's hospital at house No 65 (architect М. I. Kitner; today, the Paediatric Medical Academy), in 1911 by the Church of Holy Princess Anna Kashinskaya at house No 53 (architect А. P. Aplaksin), and in 1915 by Emperor Alexander II Teachers' Training Institute at house No 86 (architect V. М. Androsov; today the building of the Vyborgsky District Administration). House No 60 accommodated L. M. Ericsson Works Plant during the 1900s (architect K. K. Schmidt; today, the Krasnaya Zarya Plant), and house No 66 the New Lessner Mechanical Plant (today know as Karl Marx Engineering Plant). Beginning in 1842, a number of industrial installations were built on the avenue, including the Nobels Industrial Facilities (with the Russian Diesel works), the Landrin Confectionary Factory constructed in 1912 (house No 77, civil engineer L. А. Serk), and later the Head Krupskaya Confectionary Industry Association (today Azart). In 1926, a substation of the Volkhovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station was built (house No 16, architects V. А. Shchuko, V. G. Gelfreich), in 1929 the Vyborgskaya Kitchen Factory (house No 45, architect А. K. Barutchev), in the 1950s houses No 70-78 (architect А. V. Gordeeva), and in 1953-57 the so called tower-house (house No 108, on the territory of the former Lansky Estate, architects V. F. Belov, V. А. Potapov, М. P. Savkevich). Surgeons V. А. Oppel and P. A Kupriyanov (house No 5/20), and writers V. V. Ivanov (house No 4, 1920-24) and L. А. Orbeli (house No 7) lived and worked on Sampsonievsky Bolshoy Avenue. House No 56 accommodated the 1917 Vyborgsky District Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Bolsheviks). In 1917, The House of Cultural Education of the Sampsonievsky Brotherhood workers' society hosted the first sessions of the Sixth Congress of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Bolsheviks) in house No 37. A monument to military physicians was erected at the corner of Botkinskaya Street (1996, architect Y. K. Mityrev, sculptor B. А. Petrov); the garden at the corner of Smolyachkova Street has a bust of Hero of the Soviet Union F. A Smolyachkov (1968, sculptor А. А. Kisilev, architect V. А. Potapov); and a monument to the First Builders of St. Petersburg was erected near St. Sampson’s Cathedral. In 2003, a reconstructed monument to Peter the Great (sculptor М. М. Antokolsky) was installed not far from the Cathedral.

References: Белов В. Ф., Гольдвассер Л. М. Реконструкция проспекта Карла Маркса и проспекта Энгельса: (Вчера, сегодня и завтра бывш. рабочих окраин Ленинграда) // АиСЛ. 1957. № 4. С. 33-36; Бусырева Е. П. Проспект Карла Маркса // БА. 1966. № 1. С. 38-47.

G. Y. Nikitenko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n Alexander II, Emperor\n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Schmidt Karl Karlovich\n
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