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\n \n MOSKOVSKY AVENUE (in 1918-50 - Mezhdunarodny Avenue, in 1950-56 - Stalina Avenue, after I.V. Stalin), from Sennaya Square to Pobedy Square, one of the main thoroughfares of St. Petersburg, connects the city centre and its southern districts, and marks the beginning of the road to Moscow. Its length is about 10 km, the avenue coincides with the line of Pulkovsky meridian. The road was constructed in the first quarter of the 18th century to Saarskaya myza (Tsarskoe Selo); since 1739, the part as far as Fontanka River was called Sarskaya Prospektiva, from the 1770s to 1878 - Obukhovsky Avenue (after the bridge of the same name). From the first half of the 18th century to 1878, the section from the Fontanka River to Moskovskie Gates was called Sarskaya Road or Tsarskoselskaya Perspektiva. In 1878-1918, both lots were called Zabalkansky Avenue (to commemorate the victory in Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78). On Moskovsky Avenue, marble milestones of the 1770s have been preserved. The part of Moskovsky Avenue before Obvodny Canal was built up mainly in the 19th century: Building 7 (1838, architect A.M. Bolotov), Building 8 (the first half of the 19th century, reconstructed in the 1840s and in 1870), Building 9 - University of Transport Communications, Building 17 - former Konstantinovskoe Military School (the middle of the 18th century, reconstructed in the 19th - early 20th centuries; today Cadet Rocket Artillery Corps), building 19 is the former Chamber of Weights and Measures (today Mendeleev Metrology Institute), Building 26 - Technological Institute (1829-31, 1890s), Building 33 - the former house of Free Economic Society (1804-06, reconstructed in 1836-44, today - a branch of the Russian National Library; its wing is known as the house of Plekhanov), Building 29 - former Design School (today Architecture and Construction University). In 1934-38, Frunzensky Department Store (Building 60/129, architect E.I. Katonin, et al.) was constructed. The 1950s were notable for the development of the Olympia Garden and construction of Building 26 (1955) that houses the metro administration and Tekhnologichesky institut metro station (architects A.K. Andreev, A. Sokolov). Beyond Obvodny Canal, there is Building 65 (1823-26, architect I.I. Charlemagne, former stockyard, today Dairy Factory no.1 of Petmol Joint-Stock Company), the complex of the Novodevichy Convent (Building 100) and Novodevichy Cemetery opened in 1849. Behind Moskovskie Triumphal Arch, there is the former workers' outskirt Moskovskaya Zastava: Building 111 - Skorokhod Factory, Building 115 - the former carriage-building plant of Rechkin (F. Reschtke), today Vagonmash, Building 139 and 158 - the former Simens-Schuckert Plant (today Elektrosila). In the 1920-30s, the fundamental reconstruction of the thoroughfare was launched. In 1925-26, the fire station was constructed (building 116, architect D.P. Buryshkin); in 1930-31, Kapranov Palace of Culture was added (Building 97, architect M.S Reisman), in 1930-31 - Ilyich Palace of Culture (Building 152, architect N.F. Demkov), in 1930-35 - the building of Moscow District Soviet (Building 129, architect I.I. Fomin, et al.), in 1936-41 - the so-called House of Soviets (architect N.A. Trotsky, et al.), in 1934-41 - residential area (Building 79, architects A.M. Arnold, L.A. Ilyin, completed in 1951), in 1937-39 - the House of Union Furs (today the Palace of Furs, Building 98, architect D.F. Fridman). During the Siege of 1941-44, the forefront of Leningrad defence line was set close to Moskovsky Avenue. In 1945, Moskovsky Park Pobedy (Victory Park) in the area of Moskovsky Avenue was laid; in the 1950s the ensemble of Moskovskaya Square was developed. In 1975, the monument to Heroic Defenders of Leningrad was opened on Pobedy Square. In 1998, halls of the new building of the Russian National Library started functioning (Building 165, project director architect V.N. Shcherbin). The following metro stations are located on Moskovsky Avenue: Tekhnologichesky Institut (1955), Frunzenskaya, Moskovskie Vorota, Elektrosila, Park Pobedy (all put into operation in 1961), and Moskovskaya (1969).

Reference: Яковченко Р. Н. Московский проспект. Л., 1986.

G. Y. Nikitenko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n Bolotov Andrey Mikhailovich\n
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