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\n \n KAMENNOOSTROVSKY AVENUE, located between Troitskaya Square and the Bolshaya Nevka River Embankment. The main thoroughfare joining the city centre and the Petrogradskaya Side with Aptekarsky Island and Kamenny Island, and over the Ushakovsky Bridge with the Chernaya Rechka area on the Bolshaya Nevka River\"s right bank. In the 1730s, it was called Bolshaya Ruzheinaya Street (after the Gun Yard (Ruzheiny Dvor) located there), then renamed Monetchikovskaya Street (after the mint workers\" settlement). In the late 18th century, the section running up to Bolshoy Avenue of the Petrogradskaya Side was called Ruzheinaya Street, and the section running up to the Karpovka River called Yazykovaya Street. The modern name was given in the 1820s. In 1918-34, it was known as Krasnykh Zor Street, in 1934-91 as Kirovsky Avenue, after S.M. Kirov (the section within the limits of Kamenny Island retained the name Kirovsky Avenue, which it received in 1909). The street originally appeared in the 18th century as a leading road from the Kronverk esplanade to Kamenny Island. In the 1820s, there was a high road with special paving. In the 1870s, horse-drawn trams started operating along the avenue, and in 1909, an electric tramway was introduced. In 1903, the avenue was extended as far as Troitskaya Square. In 1831-34, the Alexandrovsky Orphan\"s Home was built there (building 21, architect L.I. Charlemagne), and in 1844-1917 the Alexandrovsky (formerly Tsarskoselsky) Lyceum was quartered in its building. In 1886, the entertainment garden Aquarium was opened on the site of buildings Nos. 10-12, where the first cinema show in Russia was held in 1896 (today Lenfilm Studio). In 1903-04, the Petersburg Central Market was constructed on the avenue by architect P.M. Mulkhanov. Most development came in the late 19th - 20th centuries, after the Troitsky Bridge had been constructed. Buildings nos. 1-3 (1904, see House of Lidval), building no. 13 (1903, architect V.V. Schaub) and building no. 61 (1906, architect F.I. Lidval) are impressive examples of the Modern style; the Neoclassical style is exemplified by building no. 19 (1912, architect S.I. Minash), building no. 26-28 (which held the First Russian Insurance Society; 1914, architects L.N. Benois, Y.Y. Benois, Albert N. Benois), building no. 44b (originally owned by the Emir of Bukhara; 1913, architect S.S. Krichinsky), building no. 48 (1911, architect M.S. Lyalevich), buildings nos. 63 and 65 (1911, architect V.A. Shchuko), and building no. 73-75 (architects A.I. Zazersky, I.I. Yakovlev). More recently constructed buildings include the Lensovet Palace of Culture (building 42), the Residential House of Arts Workers (building 14, 1934, architect G. Fomichev), the Residential House of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine Workers (building no. 69-71, 1933-35, architect N.E. Lansere). In 1949-51, building no. 2 was erected by architects O.I. Guryev and V.M. Fromzel. In 1968, the Fashion House was constructed (building no. 37, architects E.A. Levinson, A.K. Andreev, Y.E. Moskalenko), which incorporated the Petrogradskaya metro station (opened in 1963). In 1968, a monument to M. Gorky was placed in front of building no. 2. Count S.Y. Witte lived in building no. 5. Building no. 26-28 houses the Kirov memorial Apartment. V.I. Vernadsky and V.G. Khlopin worked in the Radium Institute (building no. 21-23); actor P.P. Kadochnikov lived in building no 2; artists A.F. Pakhomov and K.S. Petrov-Vodkin and composer D.D. Shostakovich in building no. 14, singer K.A. Laptev in building no. 15; actor A.I. Raykin in building no. 17; sculptor A.M. Opekushin in building no. 52; architect E.A. Levinson (1931-68) and actor F.M. Ermler in building no. 55; poet M.L. Lozinsky in building no. 73-75; and ship-builder A.N. Krylov in building no. 58 (1914-20s). Kamennoostrovsky Avenue includes the Silin Bridge across the Karpovka River, and the Kamennoostrovsky Bridge across the Malaya Nevka. Two theatres are located on Kamennoostrovsky Avenue, including the Osobnyak Theatre (building no. 55) and the Ostrov Theatre (building no. 26/28). In 2002, a monument to poet Nizami (sculptor G. Babaev, artist F.K. Romanovsky) was unveiled in the public garden between buildings nos. 25 and 27.

References: Ружже В. Л. Кировский проспект. Л.; М., 1955; Кудашев Б. М. По Каменноостровскому проспекту: Путеводитель. СПб., 1994; Привалов В. Д. Каменноостровский проспект. СПб., 2003.

G. Y. Nikitenko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gorky Maxim (Alexey Maximovich Peshkov)\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kirov (real name Kostrikov) Sergey Mironovich\n
\n \n \n \n Krichinsky Stepan Samoilovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Lansere Nikolay Evgenievich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Levinson Evgeny Adolfovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Lozinsky Mikhail Leonidovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich\n
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Addresses
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kamennoostrovsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 21\n
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