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\n \n NAVAL MONUMENTS. St. Petersburg is the cradle of the Russian Navy, which explains the large number of monuments related to the history and eminent naval figures, beginning with its founder Peter the Great. The Boat House in St. Peter and Paul Fortress (1762-65, architect A.F. Wist) was built for storing Peter the Great's boat. The Main Admiralty with its sculptural finery and the ensemble of Birzhevaya Square are also dedicated to the glorification of the Russian Navy. In order to commemorate the victory at Morea peninsula in the Mediterranean during the Russo-Turkish war of 1768-74, a marble column with rostra was placed in Tsarskoe Selo (1771, architect A. Rinaldi). At the same place in the memory of the defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Gulf of Chios and Chesme Bay (June, 1770), the Chesme Column was unveiled (1774-76, architect Rinaldi, sculptor I.G. Schwarz; the lost reliefs were restored in 1996, sculptor V.G. Kozenyuk). The name of Chesme is also reflected in the obelisk (the 1770s, architect Rinaldi), the gallery of Gatchina Palace, the hall of the Great Peterhof Palace (with custom-painted naval battle scenes by F. Hackert), Viatic Palace in St. Petersburg (15 Gastello Street, 15; 1774-77, architect Y.M. Felten). In 1873, a monument to Admiral I.F. Krusenstern was opened (sculptor I.N. Schroder, architect I.A. Monighetti) in front of the building of the Sea Cadet Corps; in the same year, a monument to Catherine II was installed, bearing the sculptural portraits of sea commanders V.Y. Chichagov and A.G. Orlov-Chesmensky (sculptor A.M. Opekushin). A number of monuments were established in Kronstadt Fortress; among them, one to Midshipman A.A. Domashenko (1828, architect I.I. Charlemagne), another to Admiral F.F. Bellinsgauzen (1870, sculptor Schroder, architect Monighetti); the monument to explorer P.K. Pakhtusov (1886, sculptor N.A. Laveretsky, architect A. Silin); the monument to Admiral S.O. Makarov (1913, sculptor L.V. Sherwood, architect A.I. von Gogen). St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in St. Petersburg (1753-62, architect S.I. Chevakinsky) and St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt (1903-13, architect V.A. Kosyakov) are also tied to the history of the Russian Navy, as was the memorial Christ Our Saviour Church (1909-11, architect M.M. Peretyatkovich) which has not survived; built on the bank of the Bolshaya Neva River as a commemoration to those who died in the Sea Battle of Tsushima (1905). The events of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 are also commemorated in the monument to the battleship Emperor Alexander III (1908, architect Y.I. Filotey, sculptor A.L. Ober) located in the park by St. Nicholas Cathedral and To Stereguschy monument. Some ships are permanently anchored in St. Petersburg as memorials: the Aurora cruiser (at Petrovskaya Embankment), Krasin icebreaker (beside Leytenanta Shmidta Embankment), Narodovolets submarine (in Shkipersky Channel). A memorial mark featuring the gun turret of the main armament of the cruiser Kirov was constructed near Baltiiskogo Flota Square on Morskaya Embankment. The memorial in honour of submariner A.I. Marinesko is located at 83 Kondratyevsky Avenue. On the Baltiiskikh Yung Square, a chamber memorial to the Sea Cadets of the Great Patriotic War was opened in 1999 (sculptor L.Y. Eidlin, architect V.L. Spiridonov). Another monument, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Navy was erected on Petrovskaya Embankment near the building of Nakhimov Naval School and represents a bronze figure of Nike standing on a granite base, holding a little ship in her hand. (1996, sculptors M.K. Anikushin, M.T. Litovchenko, V.P. Petin, architect T.P. Sadovsky).

Y. M. Piryutko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n \n Catherine II, Empress\n
\n \n \n \n \n Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Gogen Alexander Ivanovich von\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n Kozenyuk Valentin Grigorievich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peter I, Emperor\n
\n \n \n \n \n Rinaldi Antonio\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wist Alexander Franzevich\n
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