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\n \n KAMENNY ISLAND (in 1920-89 - Trudyashchikhsya Island), in the north-west part of the Neva river delta, located between the Bolshaya Nevka River to the north and the Malaya Nevka River to the south, the Krestovka River lies to the east. It occupies an area of 10.6 square kilometres. In the early 18th century, the island was granted to chancellor G.I. Golovkin (his estate was located in the western part of the island but has not preserved). In 1734, the island passed to his son, A.G. Golovkin, under whom the second manor (not preserved) was built close to the east spit. In 1746, the land was acquired by A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, who developed the territory and built canals (see Canals of Kamenny Island), laid the park and erected a manor in the east part of the island. In 1758, Kamenny Island was taken over by the Treasury to be presented by Empress Catherine II to Grand Prince Pavel Petrovich (the future Emperor Pavel I) in 1765. In 1776-81, Kamennoostrovsky Palace was built on the foundation of the palace of Bestuzhev-Ryumin. In 1776-78, \"Gothic\" Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church was erected. In the first quarter of the 19th century, the palace complex was amplified with a conservatory and a riding-house (architect L. Rusca, L.I. Charlemagne). In 1820, architect J. Thomas de Thomon reconstructed the park. It was then that development of the west part of the island was launched: in 1827, the wooden Kamennoostrovsky Theatre (10 Krestovka River Embankment; architect S.L. Shustov), two private dachas (1824 and 1826, architects C.I. Rossi, G.P.Pilnikov and L.I. Charlemagne), the summer residence of Prince V.V. Dolgorukov (prince P.G. Oldenburgsky ) (1831-32, architect S. L. Shustov; 11 Malaya Nevka River Embankment), \"ministers'\" residences at 7 Krestovka River Embankment (1810, architects G.P.Pilnikov, L.I. Charlemagne) and 11 Krestovka River Embankment (1836, architect L.I. Charlemagne) were constructed. In the 19th century, the island was a traditional place of festivals and open-air celebrations. In 1895, landholders were allowed to lease their grounds as building lots; as the result, a quantity of summer residences and manors in eclecticism style, \"Russian style\", Art Nouveau and Neo-Classicism (architects V.P. Apyshkov, N.N. Verevkin, M.S. Lyalevich, K.G. Preys, A.I. Tomishko and I.A. Fomin took part in its construction) appeared on the island at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Architects R.F. Meltzer, V.I. Shene and F.F. Postels designed their private houses on Kamenny Island. The striking example of Neo-Classicism is the summer residence of Polovtsov. In 1908, the International Architectural Exhibition, the first in the country, was held on Kamenny Island, there achievements of Russian builders were demonstrated. In the 1920s, following the resolution of Petrograd Soviet a number of summer residences were turned into holiday homes and the Quiet Rest Park was laid out on a part of the territory. Several precious architectural monuments were demolished in the 1970s-80s on the account of the construction of government residences. The names of Kamennoostrovsky Avenue and Kamennoostrovsky Bridge come from the island.

References: Витязева В. А. Каменный остров. Л., 1975; Ее же. Невские о-ва. Л., 1985.

V. G. Isachenko\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n Catherine II, Empress\n
\n \n \n \n Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Meltzer Roman (Robert-Friedrich) Fedorovich\n
\n \n \n \n \n Paul (Pavel) I, Emperor\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)\n
\n \n \n \n \n Shustov Smaragd Loginovich\n
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