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\n \n INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE. Construction of buildings for industrial purposes originally determined the appearance of St. Petersburg and its outskirts. The industrial style buildings included the Admiralty Shipyard, Partikulyarnaya Shipyard, Kanatny (Rope) Yard, Liteiny (Casting) Yard, the Arsenal, Porokhovye (Gunpowder) Plants, Sestroretsk Plant, Izhorsky Plant, and other buildings. The surviving industrial facilities of the 18th and early 19th centuries include Novaya Gollandiya (New Holland) timber storage facilities, Tuchkov Buyan hemp storage facilities, the main building of the Imperial Porcelain Factory (152 Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue; the 1780s, architect S. P. Bernikov); the New Arsenal at 3 Liteiny Avenue (1798-1810, architect F. I. Demertsov, rebuilt in 1864-70 by architect R. R. Henrichsen); the industrial building of the Alexandrovsky Iron Foundry (125 Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue; 1825-26, architects V. P. Stasov, A. I. Postnikov, engineer М. Е. Clark); the building of the Russian Cotton Mill (223 Embankment of Obvodny Canal; 1835-38, architect N. Y. Anisimov); the first in Russia stone slipway of the New Admiralty (1837, architect P. P. Bazaine, engineers E. Ahnert, D. A. Lebedev; preserved after substantial reconstruction). The functional character of plant and factory buildings was regulated by the correspondence of the outer appearance to the inner layout depending on the needs of the industry. Industrial constructions used large-span metallic constructions and new building materials long before any of those were used in civil-purpose buildings (reinforced concrete has been used since the 1890s). Gas storage reservoirs at the plant of the Society for Illumination of the Capital (74 Obvodny Canal Embankment; 1858-60, architect R. B. Bernhard), the water tower of the Main Station of St. Petersburg city water system (56-58 Shpalernaya Street; 1859-63, architects I. A. Merz, E. G. Shubersky), buildings of Siegel mechanical plant (40-44 Dostoevskogo Street; 1888-90, architect I. S. Kitner) were built in the so-called brick style. Historic stylization motifs were used in the buildings of San Galli Mechanical Plant (60-62 Ligovsky Avenue; 1867-72, architects K. K. Rachau, A. A. Dokushevsky). Industrial buildings have been traditionally located near residential buildings of factory and plant workers (such was the case with Putilov Plant, Nobel Factory and other locations, see workers' towns). Large enterprises with towns forming around them included Triangle Brotherhood of the Russian-American Rubber Manufactory (134-140 Obvodny Canal Embankment; built in the 1860-70s by architects R. R. Henrichsen, E. G Yurgens; 1885-1900, architect R. A. Gedike), Nevskaya Cotton Mill (74-78 Sinopskaya Embankment; 1857, engineer L. V. Glama; 1895-98, architect L. L. Peterson), Nevka Filar Manufactory (3 Gelsingforskaya Street; 1849-56, architect A. N. Rokov; 1911, architect N. V. Vasilyev), Bavaria Brewery (9 Petrovsky Avenue; 1911-12, engineer L. A. Serk), and the Grain Elevator of Petrograd Storage Facilities (14 Obvodny Canal Embankment; 1911-12, engineer I. N. Kvil). The construction of an electric power station was started near Utkina Creek in 1914 (architect A. A. Ol), The design showed expressionistic tendencies of German industrial architecture. The building was completed in 1926; today it houses Red October heating plant. Buildings of step-down substations of Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Station, designed in monumental neoclassicism shapes, were built in the 1920s in various districts of Leningrad (architects O. R. Munz, I. S. Kitner, V. A. Shchuko). Red Banner stocking knitting factory (25 Krasnogo Kursanta Street) with an impressive-looking tower of the electric plant substation is an interesting example of industrial architecture (designed by German architect E. Mendelssohn, 1925; completed with certain modifications in 1929). Buildings of large mechanized bakeries on Barochnaya Street and on Novorossiiskaya Street (engineer G. P. Marsakov), the rope-making section of Red Nail-Maker plant on the 25th Line of Vasilievsky Island (1929-30, architect Y. G. Chernikhov) and other buildings were designed in constructivism style in the middle of the 1930s. Buildings of Kirov Meat-Packing Factory (13 Moskovskoe Highway; 1930-33, architects N. A. Trotsky, R. Y. Zelikman), of Kirov Flour Mill Company (45 Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue; 1933-38, architect A. Y. Fleischmacher) are of significant architectural value. Registration of these buildings as monuments or architecture and their protection are affected by that these buildings are still being used.

References: Штиглиц М. С. Промышленная архитектура Петербурга. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. СПб., 1996; Ее же. Промышленная архитектура Петербурга в сфере \"индустриальной археологии\". СПб., 2003.

Y. M. Piryutko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kirov (real name Kostrikov) Sergey Mironovich\n
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