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\n \n LANDINGS, WATER. Ship landings were present in St. Petersburg from the first years of its existence. Their location depended on the location and orientation of storage warehouses. In the 19th century, wooden landings were located near granaries along the Kalashnikovskaya Embankment (present-day Sinopskaya Embankment). The granite Neva River embankments required construction of permanent piers and slopes, many of which are considered architectural and engineering monuments. In 1763-66, a ramp to the Neva River was constructed along the Palace Embankment; it forms an architectural ensemble with the Hermitage Bridge (architect Y.M. Felten). In the 1760s, the Nevskaya (Commandant) Landing was constructed on arched vaults with fan-shaped slopes near the Nevskie Gates of the St. Peter-and-Paul Fortress (rebuilt in 1777, engineer R.T. Tomilin). A landing with sloped ramps (architect J.-F. Thomas de Thomon, engineer I. Gerard) was built in 1805-10 on the Vasilievsky Island Spit. In 1806-09, a slope to the Malaya Neva River, adorned with granite lions, was constructed on Tuchkovaya Embankment by the Custom House (architect I.V. Roginsky). According to projects designed by K. I. Rossi, piers with pavilions were built near the Elagin Palace (1821-22) and in the Mikhailovsky Garden (1825). In 1820-24, engineer A.D. Gotman constructed the Petrovsky Slope (near the Main Admiralty Western Pavilion) and the Palace Landing (situated at the site of the present-day entrance to Palace Bridge), on which brazen lions were placed in 1832 (made by J. Prang according to the model by sculptor I.P. Prokofiev), as well as porphyry bowls (pedestals by architect L.I. Charlemagne). In 1873-74, the bowls were moved to the Petrovsky Slope and, because of the bridge's construction in 1914-16, the landing with the lions was transferred to the Main Admiralty Eastern Pavilion (engineer A. P. Pshenitsky). Many structures along the embankments along the Bolshaya Neva River stand out, including the landing at the Academy of Arts (see also Sphinxes); the landing (with Chinese Shih Tzu granite figures) near the Peter the Great Cabin (1901-03, architects L.I. Novikov, L.N. Benois, engineer F.G. Zbrozhek); and the landing with sphinxes on Sverdlovskaya Embankment.

Reference: Мосты и набережные Ленинграда / Сост. П. П. Степнов; Автор текста Ю. В. Новиков. Л., 1991.

Y. M. Piryutko.\n
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Persons
\n \n \n \n Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich\n
\n \n \n \n Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich\n
\n \n \n \n Gerard Ivan (Johann Konrad) Kondratievich\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n Peter I, Emperor\n
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